Health Issues

10 Types of Outercourse That Can Improve Your Sex Life

August 18, 2021 by Eve Leave a Comment

Any time the word ‘sex’ comes to mind, many people automatically assume this means penetration. Outercourse (non-penetrative sex) is a credible alternative to penetrative sex that you can try out today. Not only is outercourse easy to learn, but it is also as enjoyable as sexual intercourse.

Let’s look at various forms of outercourse that you can practice, its benefits and risks below.

Key Takeaways

Outercourse is any sexual activity that does not involve penetrative intercourse. Abstinence and outercourse are not the same things.
Only you can define what outercourse means to you.
There are over 10 different types of outercourse couples can explore.
Outercourse has many benefits, and you can choose to practice outercourse with your partner for any reason.
Some types of outercourse have risks associated with them. You can contract STDs or HIV if you fail to use proper protection. Although remote, there’s still a risk of pregnancy involved.

What Is Outercourse?

Outercourse is any sexual activity that does not involve intercourse [1]. It can mean different things to different people. While for some outercourse is anything that isn’t penis-in-vagina penetration, for others it means no penetration of any kind. Penetration can also mean using fingers or sex toys.

Many people choose outercourse as an alternative way to get intimate with their partners. It’s often a safe method for preventing pregnancies and the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).

There is no standard definition for outercourse. Only you and your partner can draw those boundaries, and only you can define what it means to you.

Outercourse vs Abstinence: Are They the Same Thing?

Outercourse isn’t the same thing as abstinence, although in both cases you avoid any sexual act that involves penetration [1].

In simple terms, abstinence refers to an individual’s decision to avoid all forms of sexual acts. Abstinence may allow some outercourse depending on the individual.

There isn’t a cut-and-dry definition for abstinence as well. You have the freedom to decide what it means for you.

How To Have Outercourse: 10 Outercourse Ideas

Let’s look at some ways you can explore and enjoy outercourse with your partner.

Talk About Fantasies

Talking about your fantasies with your partner can exponentially increase sexual satisfaction and spice up your sex life [2][3]. A little dirty talk is an excellent way to practice outercourse and build intimacy.

Stick to Just Kissing

Kissing is another simple form of outercourse. Don’t write off its potency. It’s an amazing way to build intimacy and has many health benefits [2][4]. You can discover what turns both you and your partner on by kissing other parts of their bodies besides their lips.

French and deep kissing are some exciting non-penetrative sex ideas you can add to your sexual repertoire.

Massage

A sensual massage can be quite satisfying for couples who want to explore each other’s bodies [2][5]. You can set the scene using mood lighting and rose petals. Scented candles also help set the mood for a massage.

You can tell each other which body parts you love getting rubbed and explore different sensations at the same time.

Use Sex Toys

To some couples, sex toys are a valid outercourse option. With virtually hundreds of different types of toys in the market, you and your partner can enhance your sex life by using them for genital stimulation [2].

A classic sex toy example is the vibrator. You can use it to stimulate your partner’s clitoris or head of the penis, helping your partner have an orgasm and reach deep sexual satisfaction.

Dry Humping

Dry humping involves sexual activity that can stimulate a person’s sexual organs without penetration. A good example of this sexual activity is intergluteal sex [2].

As a couple, you can grind each other’s bodies for pleasure. Also, you can test out different sex positions and role play. Besides that, you can grind to the rhythm of your favorite song and add a bit of dirty talk to spice it up.

Mutual Masturbation

Masturbating together can also produce an orgasm for both of you [2]. You can use this opportunity to show your partner where you like to be touched and what feels good. Besides that, you can add kisses and talk dirty to each other for added pleasure.

Manual Stimulation

You can take turns in pleasing each other to orgasm using clitoral stimulation, fingering or hand jobs. Manual stimulation can be deeply pleasurable to people who enjoy it [2].

To keep things spicy, you can use different lubes on your partner to see what sensations they enjoy the most.

Oral Sex

Giving your lover a good blowjob or cunnilingus can be extremely pleasurable [2]. You can explore their genitals with your mouth and tongue, using different strokes and motions to see what they enjoy the most. You can also combine oral sex with kissing and nipple stimulation for even more variety.

Anal Sex

This sexual act is deeply pleasurable, and yes, it involves some penetration [2]. People of all genders can find anal penetration to be pleasurable, including gay and heterosexual couples. Anal play creates an exciting opportunity especially for couples that want to try out new penetrative sex ideas and toys.

Anal play can go hand in hand with other activities such as kissing, oral sex and mutual stimulation to produce maximum pleasure.

Experiment with BDSM or Other Fetishes

You can also experiment and enjoy kinky activities that involve spanking, bondage, humiliation play and other forms of BDSM activities [2]. Most of these activities do not involve penetration. Having a fetish for a person’s armpit is perfectly fine!

You can discuss and plan kinky activities with your partner, including a safe word for when any of you need to stop. You can also combine BDSM with a sex toy, talking about fantasies and enjoying mutual masturbation.

Outercourse Benefits: Why Do It?

Is outercourse worth the trouble when you could just have ‘real sex’ instead?

Well, yes. In some circumstances, outercourse can be a valid alternative for sexual intercourse. Anyone can practice outercourse, regardless of your sexual orientation or gender [3]. Besides that, you can also practice outercourse even if you’ve never had sex before.

Here are some reasons couples can consider for outercourse:

If you or your partner aren’t ready for sex.
Outercourse also works in case you aren’t interested in sex with your current partner.
If you want to learn new things and mix it up a little, you can experiment with outercourse.
If you haven’t brought condoms or are taking birth control.
If you want to avoid pregnancy or you’re tracking your fertility.
If your partner has body dysphoria, a painful health condition or trauma that prevents penetration.
If you want to understand your body (or your partner’s body) more.
Outercourse can act as foreplay. You can use sex without penetration to prepare for sexual intercourse.
If you want to bond and build more trust with your partner before intercourse.
If you want to have safer sex and avoid the risk of contracting STDs.

Outercourse Risks

Many types of outercourse are safe. However, some of them bear health risks to you and your partner. Here are some examples:

Anal and oral sex involves contact with your partner’s genitals and the exchange of bodily fluids. Outercourse of this kind carries the same risks as vaginal sex. You can contract many of the same STDs as sexual intercourse if you don’t use protection [3][7].

Use barrier methods like condoms, dental dams or gloves to prevent contact with genital fluids [9]. Here is more information on how to get birth control and how to use non hormonal birth control.

Even where you don’t swap fluids, the risk of STD transmission remains. Skin-to-skin contact can still spread HPV and herpes.

Although remote, there is some risk of pregnancy. Sometimes during mutual masturbation and sexual stimulation, semen (cum) comes into contact with the vagina. To prevent pregnancy, you can use other forms of birth control besides condoms [8].

If you want to enjoy having outercourse with your partner without having to worry about STDs, get tested regularly. Also, avoid genital contact and contact with each other’s sexual fluids where possible.

FAQs

Here are answers to some questions you may still have about outercourse.

Can You Get Pregnant from Outercourse?

Outercourse is nearly 100% effective at preventing pregnancy. Non-penetrative outercourse prevents pregnancy by avoiding vaginal sex. Kissing, dry humping, oral and anal sex can’t cause pregnancy.

There remains a remote chance pregnancy can happen but under accidental circumstances. Although you may not have had vaginal sex, if semen accidentally comes into contact with the vulva, sperm can make its way up your vagina and fertilize an egg [8].

This can only happen if:

Semen accidentally drips or wipes into the vaginal opening.
A sex toy or fingers with wet semen come into contact with the vagina during sexual acts like mutual stimulation or sex toy play.
Semen drips into the vulva from the anus after anal sex.

To eliminate this risk, avoid all contact with semen and pre-ejaculate. Where possible, use spermicides after such an accident occurs. You can also learn how to do the pull out method to avoid spilling semen.

Can You Get STDs from Outercourse?

While outercourse has the lowest risk of transmission, you can still get STDs from it. Some types of outercourse that require any form of penetration carry the same risk of STDs as vaginal sex, anal and oral sex without using barriers [8]

To reduce these risks:

Practice outercourse without penetration. Avoid anal and oral sex.
Ensure that you and your partner test for STDs regularly.
Seek treatment and recover fully before resuming your sexual activities.
Wear protective barriers like condoms, dental dams and latex gloves when performing oral and anal sex. Here is more information about the effectiveness of condoms in birth control.
Stick to one partner or abstain from any risky sexual behavior.
Where possible, avoid genital contact and keep sexual fluids away from each other.

Non-Penetrative Sex and HIV

Non-penetrative sex is safe sex, especially where you and your partner don’t spill sexual fluids. Kissing, massage, fantasies, kinky fetishes and other options that do not involve penetration are unlikely to spread HIV from one person to another [6].

However, where anal and oral sex are involved, use a condom. Keep sexual fluids away from each other and your risk of contracting HIV is minimized.

Can I Have Non-Penetrative Sex After a Miscarriage?

Yes, you can have non-penetrative sex after miscarriage.

If you and your partner want to get intimate soon after a miscarriage, you can begin with outercourse. Doctors recommend you wait at least two weeks after your bleeding has stopped before any penetration, including tampon use [8].

Outercourse provides some sensual options to try out with your partner before you can go back to having normal sex.

Conclusion

Outercourse is a thrilling way to change your sex life. However, it’s essential to remember that it still bears some risks of STDs, HIV and pregnancy. Ensure to use protective barriers and birth control methods to keep yourself safe.

After a miscarriage, take your time to get back into sexual intimacy with your partner. Give your body and mind time to heal from the loss before going back to your normal sex life. Until then, enjoy some stimulating outercourse to help you warm up.

References

“University Health Service.” Abstinence | University Health Service, uhs.umich.edu/contraception-abstinence.
Blunt-Vinti, Heather, et al. “Show or Tell? Does Verbal and/or Nonverbal Sexual Communication Matter for Sexual Satisfaction?” Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, vol. 45, no. 3, 2019, pp. 206–217., doi:10.1080/0092623x.2018.1501446.
Bakaroudis, Maria. “Outercourse: Exploring Nonpenetrative Forms of Pleasurable Safer Sex.” American Journal of Sexuality Education, vol. 9, no. 3, 2014, pp. 381–397., doi:10.1080/15546128.2014.944736.
Wlodarski, Rafael, and Robin I. Dunbar. “Examining the Possible Functions of Kissing in Romantic Relationships.” Archives of Sexual Behavior, vol. 42, no. 8, 2013, pp. 1415–1423., doi:10.1007/s10508-013-0190-1.
Barreto DM, Batista MVA. Swedish Massage: A Systematic Review of its Physical and Psychological Benefits. Advances in Mind-body Medicine. 2017 Spring;31(2):16-20.
Patel, Pragna, et al. “Estimating per-Act HIV Transmission Risk.” AIDS, vol. 28, no. 10, 2014, pp. 1509–1519., doi:10.1097/qad.0000000000000298.
Cobb, J C. “Outercourse as a Safe and Sensible Alternative to Contraceptives.” American Journal of Public Health, U.S. National Library of Medicine, Aug. 1997, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1381109/.
“How Soon Can I Have Sex after a Miscarriage?” Bakersfield Pregnancy Center, 30 Apr. 2020, wehelpyou.org/how-soon-can-i-have-sex-after-a-miscarriage/.
“Condom Fact Sheet In Brief.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4 June 2021, www.cdc.gov/condomeffectiveness/brief.html.

The Pull Out Method—How To Pull Out and Is It Safe?

August 17, 2021 by Eve Leave a Comment

More technically known as the withdrawal method or coitus interruptus, the pull out method is a form of birth control. You don’t have to buy anything, and there aren’t any pills. It does require some self-control and, perhaps more importantly, trust.

In short, during intercourse, the man removes his penis from the vagina before ejaculation. The majority of sperm are transported with ejaculation, so in theory, withdrawing should lower the chances of pregnancy. In practice, it’s difficult and has a number of downsides, not least a vulnerability to sexually transmitted infections.

Key Takeaways

The withdrawal method:

Has a failure rate of about 20%.
Doesn’t protect against STDs.
Is best used with another method of birth control.
May not increase sexual satisfaction.
Relies on man’s ability to pull out.
Can be a source of anxiety.

What is the PullOut Method?

This technique is one of the most straightforward birth control methods. Before the moment of his climax, the man removes his penis and ejaculates outside the vagina.

Withdrawal is considered a natural or traditional form of birth control. It’s also a non-hormonal form of birth control, which is practiced all over the world.

The pull out method is often used when another form of contraception isn’t available, or there is some cultural objection to birth control methods.

How Effective Is Pulling Out?

Withdrawal is as simple and basic as it comes, and best of all, it’s free. Unfortunately, it’s not super effective to prevent pregnancy.

When medical professionals talk about the effectiveness of different forms of contraception, they may speak about ideal use and typical use. Ideal use means the way it theoretically should be done, without any mistakes.

Typical use is the real-world use, often less than ideal. This is particularly relevant to the pull out method, relying as it does on one partner’s ability to pull out at the right moment [1].

If you were to use the pull out method perfectly as your primary method of birth control, it would fail to prevent pregnancy 4% of the time [2]. On the other hand, in a one-year term, typical use of the pull out method will result in pregnancy 20% of the time. Compare that to the effectiveness of condoms, which can be as much as 90% effective.

The wide difference between ideal and practical use indicates the difficulty of using the withdrawal method. Additionally, the sperm content of pre-ejaculate means that even when performed perfectly, pregnancy is still possible [3].

How Often Does Pregnancy from Pulling Out Occur?

When having sex without any form of contraception, an unplanned pregnancy will result about 85% of the time. The 20% failure rate of the pull out method isn’t so bad by comparison. However, that still may be gambling with higher stakes than most people are comfortable with.

A big portion of the failure rate is due to contraceptive failure when the man was unsuccessful in pulling out at the right moment. If the man has a harder time with that aspect, the chances might increase by a lot.

Despite being used so often, the withdrawal method isn’t considered a reliable way to avoid pregnancy.

It might also be worth noting that one potential advantage, greater sexual pleasure, may not actually result from the pull out method [4]. When surveyed, women generally preferred to use a condom. Some men preferred the withdrawal method, but others did not.

How Effective is Pulling Out and Birth Control?

The withdrawal method is commonly used with other birth control methods. That can mean a couple of different things.

First, it might mean that you use the withdrawal method with a second method of contraception at the same time for extra protection. One common combination is withdrawal and the fertility awareness method, in which the woman’s fertility is tracked.

Alternatively, many people use another method of contraception when they can but fall back on the pull out method when there isn’t anything else available. Most people know how to get birth control, but they may not want to ruin the moment. Otherwise, they use other contraceptive methods, such as condoms or the pill [5].

It’s difficult to judge the effectiveness of using a combination of contraceptive strategies involving withdrawal. The risk of pregnancy is probably lower than using withdrawal by itself, but without some statistics, it’s difficult to judge.

Pull Out Methods Pros and Cons

While withdrawal isn’t as reliable a method of contraception as some, it does have a few advantages.

Pros

Cons

How To Pull Out Correctly

Learning how to pull out in time is a skill, and it can be developed like one. Once you know what you’re doing, it is a lot easier.

One key component is accurately gauging how close the climax is, so you can pull out in time at the right moment. That may just require some experimentation until you learn what that feels like. Otherwise, there are a few tips that can make pulling out more effective.

Be Consistent

This means picking a moment to pull out consistently. Once you’re familiar with your own progression of arousal, find a moment that is the right one for you to pull out. Focus on finding that moment and pulling out every time.

Urinate Before Sex

Most sexually active men have experienced this at one point or another. The feeling of pressure that indicates a need to urinate can feel very similar to the build-up to climax. Urinating first means there won’t be any confusion and mistiming as a result.

Ejaculate Away from the Vagina

The thing is, evolutionarily sex is meant as a way to make babies, whatever other meaning it has gained. As a result, both a man’s and a woman’s body do their best to make sure that is what happens. While sperm normally can’t survive outside the body, it’s not unknown for pregnancy to be caused by ejaculation landing on the vaginal opening.

Just make sure that you move your penis away vagina before ejaculating, and it shouldn’t be a problem.

Use an Ovulation Calculator

While unprotected sex can result in pregnancy at any point, a woman may be more likely to conceive at certain points of her cycle. The fertile window, as it’s called, are the few days leading up to and including the day of ovulation.

An ovulation calculator is a form of the fertility awareness method. Using one, you can track a woman’s fertility. Alternatively, outercourse is another method of contraception that can be used on fertile days.

Do you think an ovulation calculator is effective at preventing pregnancy?

Yes

It depends

Choose your answer to reveal what studies have found

Show hint

ovulation calculator

When used correctly, an ovulation calculator can reduce the chance of conceiving over the course of one year

Use Other Forms of Birth Control

While there is a chance of pregnancy even if the male partner pulls out, that can be reduced by using other methods of birth control. We’ve already mentioned the fertility awareness method, but other options include:

Spermicides.
A birth control sponge.
A cervical cap.
IUD.

Ensure Both Partners are STD-Free

The withdrawal does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases in any meaningful way. There are much better ways of producing your sexual and reproductive health. While kids might not be part of the plan in the short term, if you want to have that choice open to you down the line, your reproductive health should remain a priority.

What To Do If the Pull Out Method Fails

As withdrawal is one of the least reliable contraceptive methods, it’s not unusual for it to fail. When it does happen, there are a couple of birth control options available to reduce the chances of pregnancy.

Emergency Contraception

There are two types of emergency birth control that are usually used [6].

The first is the morning after pill, usually a medication called levonorgestrel [7]. It’s a single pill that can be used up to 72 hours following unprotected sex. It’s more popular, but can result in:

Nausea.
Vomiting.
Tiredness.
Other side effects.

The second type of emergency contraception is a copper IUD. It’s not hormonal and generally has few side effects. It also can be used up to five days after unprotected sexual activity. However, it has to be inserted by a doctor and is considered less convenient.

FAQ

Can I Get Pregnant Even if He Pulls Out?

Yes. There is a small amount of sperm in pre-ejaculatory fluid, so it’s possible to become pregnant even if the male partner withdraws in time.

How Does the Pull Out Method Fail?

The pull out method usually fails to prevent pregnancy in one of two ways. The first is the result of sperm in pre-ejaculate fertilizing an egg. The second occurs when the withdrawal is mistimed.

What Are the Chances of Getting Pregnant During Ovulation Using the Pull Out Method?

It’s difficult to judge the risk, as there are a variety of factors at play. The failure rate of the pull out method is about 20%. However, the chances of getting pregnant rise dramatically during ovulation.

Conclusion

Withdrawal may not be terribly reliable, but it is much more effective than no birth control method at all. To most doctors, a good birth control method also provides some protection against sexually transmitted diseases, which the pull out method definitely does not.

As a result, it’s important to be careful when using the withdrawal method. It may be best used with someone you know to be free of STDs.

References:

Posted under Health Guides. Updated 7 February 2020. +Related Content. “Contraception: Success and Failure Rates of Contraceptives.” Center for Young Women’s Health, 7 Feb. 2020, youngwomenshealth.org/2009/11/03/success-and-failure-rates-of-contraceptives/.
Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics &. “Use of Withdrawal and Unintended Pregnancy Among Females… : Obstetrics & Gynecology.” LWW, Sept. 2013, journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Fulltext/2013/09000/Use_of_Withdrawal_and_Unintended_Pregnancy_Among.16.aspx.
Killick, Stephen R, et al. “Sperm Content of Pre-Ejaculatory Fluid.” Human Fertility (Cambridge, England), U.S. National Library of Medicine, Mar. 2011, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3564677/?_escaped_fragment_=po.
Tadayon, Mitra, et al. “The Relationship of Male Condoms and Withdrawal Contraceptive Methods with Female Sexual Function and Satisfaction: a Cross Sectional Study.” International Journal of Reproduction, Conception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1 July 2016, ma-rc.ajums.ac.ir/_ma-rc/documents/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA/94/The%20relationship%20of%20male%20condoms%20and%20withdrawal%20contraceptive.pdf.
Nguyen, Nghia, et al. “Correlates of Use of Withdrawal for Contraception among Women in Vietnam.” BMC Women’s Health, BioMed Central, 29 Apr. 2020, bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12905-020-00957-z.
Gemzell-Danielsson, Kristina, et al. “Emergency Contraception.” Taylor & Francis, 25 Feb. 2013, www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/09513590.2013.774591.
“Levonorgestrel: MedlinePlus Drug Information.” MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine, medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a610021.html.

Can You Get Pregnant On Your Period?

July 28, 2021 by Eve Leave a Comment

Period sex is generally seen as safe between couples. It is a myth, however, that you cannot conceive during your period. The chances are low, but it depends on a couple of factors, especially the length of your cycle and whether you have sex at the beginning or the end of your period. Read on for more information about the chances of getting pregnant during your period.

Key Takeaways

It is rare that women get pregnant during their period; however, it is possible.
The chance increases slightly at the end of your period, especially if you have a naturally short cycle or ovulate early.
It is always a good idea to be aware of your cycle length. However, if you are trying to avoid pregnancy, talk to your doctor about the best contraceptive for you to be safe.

Can You Get Pregnant On Your Period?

The simple answer is yes. While women cannot actually get pregnant while they are bleeding, there is a fraction of women who might conceive at the very beginning or at the end of their periods.

During your period and when you are still bleeding, a woman’s fertility level is basically at zero. However, sperm can live inside the body for a number of days and you may be within your fertility window earlier than you think [1].

When do you think the probability of being in the fertile window is highest?

On the 7th day

On the 28th day

On the 1st day

On the 14th day

Click on the answer to reveal what studies found

Show hint

fertile window

The 14th day of the menstrual cycle is when the probability of being in the fertile window is highest

How Long Can Sperm Survive in Period Blood?

A man’s sperm can live inside the reproductive tract for up to seven days. Therefore if you have unprotected sex right after your period and then ovulate early, you can fall pregnant.

Is It Easier to Get Pregnant While On Your Period?

It is most likely that you will get pregnant if you have sex when you are at your most fertile, which is usually in the middle of your natural cycle, during ovulation. If you have sex right after your period, the risk of getting pregnant is still lower than at other times of your menstrual cycle, but there is a chance that you conceive during the week after.

Chances of Getting Pregnant On Your Period

During the time of menstruation or bleeding, it is not possible for women to conceive. However, there is around a 5% chance of conception at the end of your period, which for most women is after the first five days of her cycle, or five days after her period started [2].

Your Average Menstrual Cycle Length

Women’s menstrual cycles vary. The average length is 28 days; however they can range from 24–38 days, depending on if you have a longer or shorter cycle. Because of this, the time of peak fertility and most likely time for conception varies quite a lot. Menstrual cycles are measured from the first day of your last period to the first day of the next one.

You can learn to predict your ovulation cycle and periods to be aware of your most fertile days. If trying for a baby, most couples are advised to have more sex between days 11–14 for the best chances of conceiving. See our ovulation calculator for more on this.

The basics of menstrual cycles:

When periods finish, you are in the second phase of the cycle (days 6–14), when the uterus rebuilds its lining to prepare for a fertilized egg.
At around day 14, the ovary releases an egg, and it starts to move down the fallopian tube. This is called ovulation and is the most fertile window because there is a newly released egg. The egg lives for around 24 hours if it is not fertilized during intercourse [3].
The last part of the cycle, from day 25, is the luteal phase [4]. This is when the uterus prepares to shed its lining again for your next period. During the this phase, the chances of pregnancy are low; however, depending on the woman’s cycle, there is a small chance she can be fertile in the last five days before her period.

Some women track their cycles regularly, using the fertility awareness method to either avoid or increase their chances of pregnancy. If you do this, you will have a good idea of when your fertility window is.

Whether Or Not You Use Birth Control

If you’re using birth control, your chances of conceiving on your period are extremely low, depending on the contraceptive methods you use.

Verdict: Always Use Birth Control to Be Safe

Now that we know that it’s possible to get pregnant during periods, it is time to look into how to be fully safe. Are natural or medical methods the best way? Healthline media tends to promote medical options without considering the adverse effects on women.

There are side effects to birth control methods; however, to make natural fertility methods effective, you have to be fairly committed, with daily body temperature checks at consistent times, logging, observing cervical mucus, etc. There is always a small chance that you will ovulate earlier, particularly if you don’t have a very regular cycle.

Birth control pills may be more convenient than this, but most women know too well the adverse effects of hormonal treatments.

If you are looking to avoid awful acne and wild mood swings, there are a few non-hormonal birth control methods available, the most common being the copper IUD.

Condoms are often left aside by couples for period sex; however, they are a good option for all times of the month. You can read specific information about the effectiveness of condoms during period here. Remember that condoms are also the only effective method for protecting against STIs.

Which birth control method do you think is most likely to fail?

Fertility awareness-based methods

The pill

Implant

Male condom

Copper IUD

Click your answer to reveal the results

Show hint

birth control method

Fertility awareness-based methods have the highest failure rate

FAQ

How Likely Is It to Get Pregnant On Your Period?

You are not very likely to get pregnant on your period, but it is possible, especially if you have sex right at the end of your period.

Can You Get Pregnant On the First Day of Your Period?

The chances are extremely low, as you are in a different phase of your cycle and not close to your fertile window.

Can You Get Pregnant On the Last Day of Your Period?

Yes, possibly. Sperm can live inside your body for a week, which can take you into your fertile window, meaning ovulation might occur during this time.

Can Sperm Survive in Menstrual Blood?

Yes, sperm can live in the menstrual blood or inside the body for up to a week.

Are You Most Fertile During Your Period?

No, your most fertile time is during your fertility window, which is when you ovulate. For the average woman, this would be between days 11–14 of her monthly cycle.

Conclusion

The chances of you getting pregnant when you are on your period are slim; however, if you don’t want to get pregnant, it would be better not to count on this as a way to avoid pregnancy.

Getting to know your menstrual cycle can be a good way for women to connect with their bodies and their level of reproductive health. However, talking to a doctor for a reliable contraceptive is the best way to avoid pregnancy.

If you think that you could be pregnant, always use pregnancy tests to catch this early on. You may feel unsure about what birth control method is best for you and your health, or want to read more about the availability of each. You can also get more information on where to get birth control.

References

Sakkas, D., Ramalingam, M., Garrido, N., & Barratt, C. L. (2015). Sperm selection in natural conception: what can we learn from Mother Nature to improve assisted reproduction outcomes?. Human reproduction update, 21(6), 711–726. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmv042
Johnson, Sarah, et al. “Can Apps and Calendar Methods Predict Ovulation with Accuracy?” Current Medical Research and Opinion, vol. 34, no. 9, 2018, pp. 1587–1594., doi:10.1080/03007995.2018.1475348.
Oliver R, Basit H. Embryology, Fertilization. [Updated 2021 May 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542186/
Reed BG, Carr BR. The Normal Menstrual Cycle and the Control of Ovulation. [Updated 2018 Aug 5]. In: Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Boyce A, et al., editors. Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279054/

2021 Guide to Tubal Ligation: Side Effects and Reversal

July 27, 2021 by Eve Leave a Comment

Many women reach a point where they no longer wish to have children. Often this realization is liberating and can bring added benefits to their relationship and quality of life.

For women who seek a form of permanent birth control, getting their tubes tied may be one of their first treatment choices.

As a permanent sterilization technique, tubal ligation offers an excellent success rate at preventing pregnancy, with less than 1 in 1000 women becoming pregnant after undergoing the procedure.

This article discusses the main types of tubal ligation, possible side effects, and the procedure and risks involved in ligation reversal.

Key Takeaways

Tubal ligation is a form of permanent birth control for women who don’t want more children or women who don’t wish for children at all.
There are various techniques used for ligation, and most are non-invasive.
Ligation may result in post tubal ligation syndrome, although medical professionals highly debate the condition.
Tubal reversal is possible through minor surgery, after which you can get pregnant again.
Women who had their tubes tied may experience an ectopic pregnancy.
Alternatives to tubal reversal include IVF, surrogacy, and adoption.

What Are the Types of Tubal Ligation

Tubal ligation surgery does not always follow the same procedure, neither does it involve ‘tying’ your tubes. Instead, two main types of surgery provide a range of options for blocking or disrupting the path of an egg through your fallopian tubes.

Depending on your health, age, and medical history, a doctor may perform one of the following types of ligations [1]:

Laparoscopy

Laparoscopy is one of the most common types of ligation surgery. It involves the administration of general anesthesia and a minimally invasive sterilization procedure.

The fallopian tubes are blocked or disrupted by [1]:

Mechanical devices: Silicone bands and clips are the two most popular choices. If the tubal lumen is large or dilated, a mechanical device may not be effective. These devices are used to seal off a piece of the fallopian tubes, preventing an egg’s movement to the uterus.
Tubal excision: A doctor will remove a part, or all, of the fallopian tubes. It is the most effective form of tubal sterilization and offers a high success rate. In addition, a doctor may choose to perform a tubal excision if your fallopian tubes are abnormal.
Bipolar tubal coagulation: One of the most popular procedures for ligation involves using two rods placed on either side of the fallopian tube, through which an electrical current flows. This electricity cauterizes the tube and causes coagulation, effectively blocking an egg’s route to reach the uterus.

What do you think is the failure rate of laparoscopic tubal ligation?

58%

20%

39%

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laparoscopic tubal ligation

A laparoscopic tubal ligation has a failure rate of 39%

Laparotomy

A laparotomy is another simple procedure that can be done under general anesthesia. Often laparotomy techniques are used for ligations in postpartum women or those undergoing a c-section.

The most popular options for ligation during a laparotomy include the [1]:

Pomeroy technique: It is one of the most popular techniques and is the origin of the phrase ‘tying your tubes.’ The Pomeroy method involves folding a part of the fallopian tube and tying it up with a suture, then cutting off a piece of the tube at the top of the fold.
Parkland technique: Involves placing two sutures on different parts of the fallopian tubes and excising the tube in between them.

Although other methods like the Uchida or Irving technique may be used, they are by no means the most popular.

The average procedure time is around 30 minutes.

Tubal Ligation Side Effects: Potential Complications After Tubal Ligation Surgery

Most of the side effects you may experience after ligation surgery are related to the surgery and anesthetic themselves and not the procedure.

General Side Effects

Similar to the general vasectomy side effects and reversal symptoms, the effects of tubal sterilization are primarily due to the surgical procedure itself.

These possible side effects include:

Minor bleeding around the surgical incisions, especially if a laparotomy was performed.
Reactions to anesthesia, including delirium, drowsiness, confusion, and hypothermia [2]

Although the ligation procedure is simple, some patients may also experience mild abdominal pain due to the effects of the surgery.

Another common fear when opting for a tubal ligation procedure is that it may increase your risk of getting breast cancer. However, the surgery actually does the opposite [3].

Tubal Ligation Clips Side Effects

In the case that your fallopian tubes were clipped, there are various possible adverse effects, including [4]:

Tubal necrosis
Sterilization failure
Abdominal pain

Postpartum Tubal Ligation Side Effects

If your doctor performed a ligation during a cesarean section, you might experience the symptoms accompanying the c-section with greater intensity than those caused by the ligation.

These include [5, 6]:

Pelvic pain
Increased chance of developing asthma or allergies

Post Tubal Ligation Syndrome (PTLS)

Post tubal ligation syndrome involves a range of adverse symptoms affecting a woman after undergoing tubal sterilization.

The FDA does not recognize PTLS as a side effect of tubal ligation, and it is at the center of many debates within the medical community [7].

Symptoms of Post Tubal Ligation Syndrome

The symptoms of PTLS are believed to be caused by issues with blood circulation around the ovaries and fallopian tubes.

They include [8]:

Heavy bleeding
Pain during sex
Lower back pain
Missed periods
Fatigue
Mood swings
Hot flashes

Is Getting Your Tubes Tied Reversible?

If you find yourself having regrets after tubal sterilization, tubal reversal surgery could reverse the procedure and get you pregnant again.

During a tubal reversal, a doctor will either untie or reconnect your fallopian tubes, depending on the procedure used for the ligation.

If you’re thinking about getting tubal reversal surgery, talk to your health care provider about your options and whether a reversal is right for you.

Patient Age and Overall Health

If opting for reversal surgery, younger women usually have a far better chance of becoming pregnant than older women [9].

Your overall health may also impact your doctor’s recommendation, especially considering a body mass index of more than 25 decreases the chance of getting conceiving after reversal [10].

Type of Surgery Performed

A doctor’s recommendation for tubal reversal surgery will also depend on the sterilization procedure followed. For a successful reversal, your remaining fallopian tubes must be long enough to be reconnected.

The sterilization method won’t necessarily affect your success rate. It may simply impact the type or viability of the reversal surgery used [11].

Reproductive System Health

Another factor that may affect your doctor’s recommendation for tubal reversal surgery is your overall reproductive system health.

This will include checking that your uterus, ovaries, and other reproductive organs are healthy and functioning. Otherwise, reversal surgery may be unnecessary.

Your partner may also undergo a semen analysis to ensure no other conditions will keep you from getting pregnant after a reversal.

Tubal Ligation Reversal Surgery: What to Expect

Tubal ligation reversal, also known as tubal reanastomosis, is an outpatient procedure, so you don’t typically need to stay in hospital overnight.

If you decide you want to become pregnant after a ligation, a doctor will consider your medical history and recommend you for a reversal.

Procedure

Tubal ligation reversal surgery involves a non-invasive operation under anesthesia.

The most common method is through laparoscopic microsurgery, which first involves inserting a laparoscope that lets the surgeon see and decide whether your fallopian tubes are suited for a reversal.

The surgeon then makes a small incision just above your pubic hairline through which the laparoscope, accompanied by microscopic surgical instruments, is inserted.

These instruments are used to remove any clips, bands, or sutures constricting the fallopian tubes, and the tubal segments of the remaining fallopian tubes are stitched back together.

The entire surgery takes around three hours [12].

Complications and Risks

Tubal reversal surgery comes with its own set of risks, including:

Higher risk of ectopic pregnancy occurs when the fertilized egg grows and implants in the Fallopian tube instead of the uterus [13]. If the pregnancy is not terminated, it could become a life-threatening condition.
Infection or bleeding due to the surgery. This could be especially serious if the infection spreads to nearby organs.
Formation of scar tissue on the fallopian tubes.
Anesthesia side effects.

Recovery

Tubal reversal is an outpatient surgery that does not require an overnight hospital stay.

Your doctor can prescribe painkillers to deal with the after-effects of the surgery and may also arrange for a follow-up appointment to check on your recovery and healing.

Most patients only experience mild discomfort for several days after the surgery and can typically return to their jobs after around five days, depending on their recovery rate, and provided they do no heavy lifting.

In most cases, patients should be able to resume all their normal activities two weeks post-operation.

Since ligation is a form of non-hormonal birth control, you may be able to get pregnant immediately after the reversal procedure, although attempting to do so is not recommended.

Tubal Ligation Reversal Success Rate

Tubal reversal surgery success rates vary significantly from person to person. After undergoing tubal anastomosis, the average overall pregnancy rates range between 55% and 74% [14, 15].

Some women who achieve pregnancy after tubal anastomosis experience an ectopic pregnancy, which is a serious condition, and the resulting pregnancy is rarely carried to term.

As a result of the wide range in the tubal reversal success rate, some women choose to get pregnant or have children through alternative methods.

Tubal Ligation Reversal Cost

The average tubal reversal surgery cost is $6,800. This includes all pre- and post-operative consultations and care. Many insurance plans don’t cover tubal reversal after a fully informed and consensual tubal ligation was performed.

What’s Cheaper: IVF or Tubal Reversal?

On average, one IVF cycle costs $12,000, while additional medication may add an extra $3,000-$5,000 to the total. Many women don’t get pregnant on the first cycle and may need to undergo several more.

Compared to IVF, tubal reversal surgery is far more affordable and may be the better option for some, despite the variation in success rates.

Tubal Ligation Reversal Alternatives

If your doctor recommends against tubal reversal or doesn’t feel it is right for you, there are other alternatives for having children or getting pregnant.

Another option for permanent birth control is a male vasectomy, reviewed in our comprehensive article on vasectomy side effects and reversal.

IVF

In vitro fertilization involves fertilizing an egg by sperm outside the human body, usually in a test tube.

The fertilized egg is then transferred to your uterus through a thin tube. If the embryo implants, pregnancy occurs.

The average pregnancy rate through IVF is 30% for women under 36 and 15% for those 37 or older [16].

tubal ligation side effects and reversal The average pregnancy rate through IVF in women under and over the age of 36 — In women under 36 years, the average pregnancy rate is 30% whereas those over 37, it falls to 15%

Surrogacy

Another alternative to ligation reversal is surrogacy, during which another woman, or surrogate, carries and delivers the baby for you and your partner.

There are two types of surrogates:

Traditional: A traditional surrogate is artificially inseminated with your male partner’s sperm. The baby will share her DNA but will be yours to raise.
Gestational: Gestational surrogacy is the most popular option for women seeking an alternative to ligation reversal. It involves the in vitro fertilization of your egg by your partner’s sperm, after which the embryo is transferred to the surrogate’s uterus [17].

Pregnancy statistics for gestational surrogates average around 60% [17]

Adoption

Adoption is another excellent alternative for ligation reversal. It requires serious consideration, and not all couples may feel comfortable adopting a child instead of going through a pregnancy. However, for those who choose to adopt and do so with a positive outlook, the experience can be incredibly rewarding [18].

FAQ

Here are the answers to the most frequently asked questions about ligation and reversal.

Are Tubal Ligation Side Effects Common?

No, the side effects of ligation surgery are not common, and if they do occur, most are mild [19].

Can You Reverse Tubal Ligation Naturally?

Unfortunately, natural tubal reversal is not possible. Instead, a doctor must do it through minor surgery.

What Are the Symptoms of Tubes Coming Untied?

It is nearly impossible for ligation to fail and for you to become pregnant after the procedure. The slight possibility of this happening is likely due to technical mistakes occurring during surgery.

If a surgical mistake was made and your tubes grow back together, you may become pregnant and experience symptoms such as [20]:

Missed periods
Frequent urination
Fatigue
Insomnia
Lower back pain

If you’ve had ligation surgery and think you may be pregnant, visit your doctor immediately.

What Are Tubal Ligation Regret Statistics?

The category of women most likely to regret getting their tubes tied includes those without children, those under the age of 30, and getting the procedure done within 45 days after childbirth.

For women under the age of 30, the percentage who expressed regret averaged around 20%, while those over 30 had a 6% regret rate [21].

Conclusion

Regardless of your reasons for undergoing ligation, the side effects should be minor, and there are various options for tubal reversals.

Although ligation reversal does not have a 100% success rate, it is still more effective at producing a pregnancy than any alternative.

As long as you consider the risks and make an informed decision, both ligation and a tubal ligation reversal could help you take control of your reproductive cycle.

References:

Sung, Sharon. “Tubal Ligation.” StatPearls [Internet]., U.S. National Library of Medicine, 1 Mar. 2021, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549873/.
Goldfuss, Sophia, et al. “Anaesthesia-Related Complications and Side-Effects in TAVI: a Retrospective Study in Germany.” BMJ Open, BMJ Publishing Group, 1 May 2019, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6501997/.
Eliassen, A. Heather, et al. “Tubal Sterilization in Relation to Breast Cancer Risk.” Wiley Online Library, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 11 Nov. 2005, onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ijc.21582.
Konaté A;Rauzy V;Chalon S;Ceballos P;Rivière S;Ciurana AJ;Le Quellec A; “[Intraperitoneal Migration of Filshie Tubal Sterilization Clips: an Uncommon Cause of Chronic Abdominal Pain].” Gastroenterologie Clinique Et Biologique, U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12193864/.
Keag, Oonagh E, et al. “Long-Term Risks and Benefits Associated with Cesarean Delivery for Mother, Baby, and Subsequent Pregnancies: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.” PLoS Medicine, Public Library of Science, 23 Jan. 2018, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5779640/.
Sandall J;Tribe RM;Avery L;Mola G;Visser GH;Homer CS;Gibbons D;Kelly NM;Kennedy HP;Kidanto H;Taylor P;Temmerman M; “Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of Caesarean Section on the Health of Women and Children.” Lancet (London, England), U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30322585/#:~:text=Short%2Dterm%20risks%20of%20CS,reduced%20intestinal%20gut%20microbiome%20diversity.
DW;, Gentile GP;Kaufman SC;Helbig. “Is There Any Evidence for a Post-Tubal Sterilization Syndrome?” Fertility and Sterility, U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9496325/.
H;, Satoh K;Osada. “[Post-Tubal Ligation Syndrome].” Ryoikibetsu Shokogun Shirizu, U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7757737/.
Godin, Pierre Arnaud, et al. “Laparoscopic Reversal of Tubal Sterilization; A Retrospective Study Over 135 Cases.” Frontiers in Surgery, Frontiers Media S.A., 9 Jan. 2019, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6333701/.
MM;, Hanafi. “Factors Affecting the Pregnancy Rate after Microsurgical Reversal of Tubal Ligation.” Fertility and Sterility, U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12909510/.
Kim SH;Shin CJ;Kim JG;Moon SY;Lee JY;Chang YS; “Microsurgical Reversal of Tubal Sterilization: a Report on 1,118 Cases.” Fertility and Sterility, U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9389817/.
K;, Dubuisson JB;Swolin. “Laparoscopic Tubal Anastomosis (the One Stitch Technique): Preliminary Results.” Human Reproduction (Oxford, England), U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8567838/.
D;, Liu J;Fa Y;Lou. “[Relationship between Microsurgical Tubal Reversal and Ectopic Pregnancy].” Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi, U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9772502/.
Karayalcin, Rana, et al. “Pregnancy Outcome of Laparoscopic Tubal Reanastomosis: Retrospective Results from a Single Clinical Centre.” The Journal of International Medical Research, SAGE Publications, June 2017, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5536424/.
Schepens JJ;Mol BW;Wiegerinck MA;Houterman S;Koks CA; “Pregnancy Outcomes and Prognostic Factors from Tubal Sterilization Reversal by Sutureless Laparoscopical Re-Anastomosis: a Retrospective Cohort Study.” Human Reproduction (Oxford, England), U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21115505/.
Dicker D;Goldman JA;Ashkenazi J;Feldberg D;Shelef M;Levy T; “Age and Pregnancy Rates in in Vitro Fertilization.” Journal of in Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer : IVF, U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1919259/.
PR;, Brinsden. “Gestational Surrogacy.” Human Reproduction Update, U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14640380/.
Y;, Sánchez-Sandoval. “[Adoptive Parents’ Satisfaction with the Adoption Experience and with Its Impact on Family Life].” Psicothema, U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22047850/.
Marino, Sarah. “Tubal Sterilization.” StatPearls [Internet]., U.S. National Library of Medicine, 7 Sept. 2020, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470377/.
Foxcroft, Katie F, et al. “Development and Validation of a Pregnancy Symptoms Inventory.” BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, BioMed Central, 16 Jan. 2013, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3599678/.
HB;, Hillis SD;Marchbanks PA;Tylor LR;Peterson. “Poststerilization Regret: Findings from the United States Collaborative Review of Sterilization.” Obstetrics and Gynecology, U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10362150/.

Melatonin and Birth Control: Does It Affect the Pill and Is It Safe?

July 3, 2021 by Eve Leave a Comment

Melatonin is a supplement designed to improve the quality of your sleep, but many women fear it may interact or cancel out their birth control.

This article examines precisely what melatonin is, how it is used, whether it can affect your birth control pills, and possible natural alternatives.

Key Takeaways

Melatonin is a naturally produced hormone your body uses to regulate your sleeping patterns.
Melatonin supplements are usually recommended for people with sleeping difficulties.
Melatonin has other benefits like alleviating jet lag, aiding weight loss, and preventing seasonal depression.
Using the hormone with birth control pills could result in too much melatonin in your bloodstream.
High levels of melatonin could cause daytime drowsiness.
There is no evidence that melatonin cancels out birth control.

What Is Melatonin?

Melatonin is a naturally occurring hormone produced by the pineal gland. The pineal gland is located in your brain and functions mainly to detect and receive information about the light intensity of the environment [1]. It also regulates several hormones that affect female fertility and the menstrual cycle.

When it is dark, the pineal gland secretes melatonin into the bloodstream, which is essential in regulating your internal circadian rhythm. An increase in your melatonin levels leads to you feeling calm and drowsy.

When it is light, the production of melatonin slows or stops.

What Is Melatonin — Melatonin levels are low during late afternoon into the evening, where they begin to rise after 8 pm, peaking at 4 am

Will Melatonin Affect Birth Control?

Melatonin won’t cancel your birth control pills. That said, it’s documented to increase the likelihood that IVF will be successful. Though studies suggest it improves chances of conception, nothing suggests it is strong enough to cancel hormonal birth control.

That doesn’t make the use of the supplement advisable when you’re on birth control. Oral contraceptives have been shown to affect sleep patterns. The estrogen and progesterone in birth increase melatonin levels, increasing sleep time.

Simultaneously using a melatonin supplement could result in your body producing too much melatonin. This may raise your natural melatonin levels high enough to make you drowsy during the day too, which could interfere with your daily routine.

Melatonin has also been shown to have a positive effect on fertility. It has been used in women going through fertility treatment, which could counteract the effects of birth control pills, although this has not yet been scientifically confirmed [15].

Will Melatonin Affect Birth Control — Group 1 and 2 are experiencing unexplained infertility with tests showing significantly lower melatonin levels than group 3 and 4

If you are looking at taking melatonin but are worried about the interaction it may have with your oral contraceptives, consider using a form of non-hormonal birth control, like a birth control sponge, diaphragm, or male condoms.

Can You Take Melatonin on Birth Control?

Despite their possible interactions, no evidence suggests taking melatonin supplements cancels out or reduces the effectiveness of birth control pills. Taking a melatonin supplement for a few days to overcome jet lag or short-term sleeplessness should not cause your body to produce too much melatonin for an extensive period.

However, using melatonin with birth control could cause more severe side effects due to elevated melatonin levels, including:

Headaches
Diarrhea
Nausea
Anxiety
Effects on human reproduction [16]

If you are still unsure of the effects of adding external melatonin as a sleep aid while using birth control pills, and you do not want to use non-hormonal contraceptives, you may consider male birth control pills for your partner.

If you experience spotting or breakthrough bleeding while using melatonin and contraceptive drugs, there is a chance your birth control may not be working. You must use a backup birth control method until you can see your doctor.

Uses of Melatonin in the Body

Melatonin acts by binding to receptors in the brain and cells in the gonads, kidneys, cardiovascular system, and parts of your body’s immune system.

The hormone is vital for many bodily functions, including [2]:

Regulating circadian rhythms, also known as your internal 24-hour clock
Managing your sleep cycle according to the day-night environmental pattern
Modulating the onset of puberty, with high levels of melatonin shown to delay puberty in some cases
Exerting some control over your core body temperature, melatonin acts as a thermoregulator, lowering your internal temperature
Energy metabolism–managing the daily distribution of energy and your body’s metabolic functions
Exhibiting anti-aging and antioxidant properties
Regulation of blood pressure [3]
Possible anti-tumor properties and ability to slow down the progression of prostate and breast cancer [4]

Due to the extensive use of melatonin in your body, many people choose to take melatonin supplements for various benefits.

What Are the Benefits of Melatonin Supplements?

Exposure to light at night can interrupt melatonin production, giving you trouble falling asleep. Adding external melatonin supplements is mainly recommended to promote sleep in people suffering from sleep disorders.

Besides this, taking melatonin supplements can provide several therapeutic benefits, including:

Treatment of chronic insomnia: Melatonin helps to improve sleep quality and decrease the number of times you wake up during the night [5]
Treatment of sleep disturbances [6]
Alleviating jet lag
Possibly aiding weight loss [7]
May help ease the symptoms of seasonal depression [8]
Reduces the oxidative stress in your body as it acts as an antioxidant [9]

Are Melatonin Supplements Safe to Take?

In most cases, the short-term use of melatonin is safe even when taken in extremely high doses and should cause mild to no side effects [10]. The long-term (more than six months) use of melatonin and its interaction with other medication has not been thoroughly researched [11].

It is also essential to keep in mind that the FDA does not regulate melatonin dietary supplements or their recommended dosage.

How are Melatonin Supplements Taken?

Synthetic melatonin supplements come in various forms like:

Tablets
Capsules
Gummies
Liquid drops
Diffusers
Vape liquid

Typically a melatonin dietary supplement has a directed dosage between 1mg and 10mg, one to two hours before you go to bed. Dosage varies widely from person to person and should be discussed with your doctor.

Melatonin Side Effects

When used for less than six months, melatonin should not cause any significant side effects. Most people can safely use oral melatonin supplements with only mild side effects such as [12]:

Dizziness
Headache
Nausea
Sleepiness
Agitation
Mood swings
Irritated skin

Other Melatonin Interactions

Melatonin may interact with other medicines like:

Diabetes medications [13]
Blood thinners [14]

Melatonin supplements may interact negatively with some medications, although this has not been studied extensively enough.

One of the major concerns for women interested in melatonin supplementation is whether it will interact or block the work of oral contraceptives in the form of hormonal birth control.

FAQ

Below are the answers to some of the most commonly asked questions about melatonin and birth control.

Does Melatonin Cancel Out Nexplanon Birth Control?

There is no evidence that melatonin cancels or interacts with the action of Nexplanon.

Nexplanon is a hormonal birth control implant placed in your arm. It releases a hormone called progestin that prevents pregnancy by thickening the mucus in your cervix to prevent sperm from passing through, as well as stopping ovulation.

Does Melatonin Affect Birth Control Depo Shot?

There is no proof that melatonin negatively interacts with the birth control Depo shot.

The Depo-Provera injection also contains progestin and is administered once every three months. It can be a good alternative for women who are worried about taking melatonin while on the pill.

Does Melatonin Cancel Out Birth Control Pills?

No, there is no research or evidence that melatonin cancels out birth control pills. Interactions between the supplement and hormones in the pill may cause your body to produce too much melatonin and increase its effects.

Does Melatonin Cancel Out Mirena?

No interactions have been found between Mirena and taking melatonin.

Mirena is an IUD that releases the hormone levonorgestrel, which prevents pregnancy. Mirena effectively prevents pregnancy for up to six years.

Alternatives to Melatonin

If you choose not to use melatonin to improve your sleep, plenty of sleep aid alternatives are available.

Lifestyle Changes

Some lifestyle changes that can improve your sleep quality include:

Avoid drinking coffee or caffeinated drinks up to four hours before going to bed
Regular exercise [17]
Avoid using electronic devices like phones or TVs, which produce light that will disrupt your body’s natural melatonin production
Establish a regular sleep schedule
Avoid taking naps
Practice meditation, yoga, or other calming therapeutic activities to help reduce stress

Natural Remedies

Some herbs and plants have beneficial effects on sleep. The most well-known include:

Chamomile, which is primarily used in tea form [18]
Valerian root, taken as a pill, extract, or tea [19]
Lavender oil, used in a diffuser [20]
Magnolia bark, in capsule form [21]

Chamomile reduced the number of night awakenings in the subjects from 2.2 to 1.4

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

Cognitive-behavioral therapy involves several exercises that manage your behavior before, during, and after going to bed. Unlike medications and supplements, the treatment provides long-lasting effects for sleep disorders like insomnia.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy is also suitable for people of all ages and has been proven especially effective in children and teens [22].

Conclusion

Despite many claims that melatonin supplements cancel birth control, there is no evidence of the interaction. Women taking birth control pills are advised only to temporarily use melatonin and always check with their doctor first.

Safely taking melatonin and birth control can significantly improve sleep quality, and help you get back your energy, whether you have insomnia, a sleep disorder, or even just jet lag.

References:

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VK;, Lewy AJ;Lefler BJ;Emens JS;Bauer. “The Circadian Basis of Winter Depression.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16648247/.
E;, Reiter RJ;Tan DX;Osuna C;Gitto. “Actions of Melatonin in the Reduction of Oxidative Stress. A Review.” Journal of Biomedical Science, U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11060493/.
RJ;, Andersen LP;Gögenur I;Rosenberg J;Reiter. “The Safety of Melatonin in Humans.” Clinical Drug Investigation, U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26692007/.
J;, Arendt. “Safety of Melatonin in Long-Term Use (?).” Journal of Biological Rhythms, U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9406044/.
ICK;, Besag FMC;Vasey MJ;Lao KSJ;Wong. “Adverse Events Associated with Melatonin for the Treatment of Primary or Secondary Sleep Disorders: A Systematic Review.” CNS Drugs, U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31722088/.
Pourhanifeh, Mohammad Hossein, et al. “Melatonin: New Insights on Its Therapeutic Properties in Diabetic Complications.” Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, BioMed Central, 8 Apr. 2020, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7140344/.
Wirtz PH;Spillmann M;Bärtschi C;Ehlert U;von Känel R; “Oral Melatonin Reduces Blood Coagulation Activity: a Placebo-Controlled Study in Healthy Young Men.” Journal of Pineal Research, U.S. National Library of Medicine, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18289163/.
Espino, Javier, et al. “Impact of Melatonin Supplementation in Women with Unexplained Infertility Undergoing Fertility Treatment.” Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), MDPI, 23 Aug. 2019, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6769719/.
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Women’s Health Topics That Need To Be Talked About

March 10, 2021 by Eve Leave a Comment

As the new decade starts and the state of women’s health is considered, here are some of the top issues regarding women in 2020.

Better Birth Control Is Possible — And Necessary

Since birth control has been an incredible force in the lives of women, helping them achieve and even set long-term educational and career goals, as well as achieve gains toward economic parity with men; there is a taboo around talking about women’s health critically, for fear that it will be taken away, and the gains that come along with it. There needs to be more investment in the research and development of effective birth control. Hormonal birth control can influence the brain in ways that make women feel uncomfortable to acknowledge, including what a woman finds attractive in her mate and even how she responds to stress to some degree. It might be uncomfortable acknowledging the problems related to hormonal contraception while at the same time fighting to make it accessible, but it is a trade-off that should not have existed in the first place.

Most Vaginal Health Products Are Bogus

The messaging that the genitalia of a woman requires constant upkeep with special commodities such as special feminine washes, hair removers, douches, tighteners and wipes is mostly promoted by companies wanting to make women feel insecure so that they will buy something. If women’s genitalia really required special care, there is no way women would have evolved this way. It is a bad idea, in general, to rely on information from a source trying to sell you something.

Transgender Women Are Women

This is a very controversial topic, especially in the West, where they are not used to it, but it should never be so. From social analysis, it is clear that the issue stems from a lack of information on these matters. Coupled with the amount of misinformation that comes along with it, it is absolutely essential that this needs to be put out into the open more: transwomen are women.

Having a vagina is not what makes you a woman. It is how a person feels inside. Reducing a person who can think for themselves to their body parts is rude and absolutely shameful, but it happens, and it happens more with women, especially trans women. What such critics should understand at the end of the day is that parts are parts, and people are people.

Rethinking Menopause

When women in pre-woke mentality dominated agrarian societies exited reproductive age, it was considered as an upgrade, an entrance into a crucial phase of life. However, people today focus on treatments of menopause or a lack thereof. The modern way of viewing menopause is not the only way. Humans have been a long-lived species and have been engineered by evolution to live into our seventies and thrive in post-reproductive years.